Ventus and Venire

ventus (wind)
The definition is for a concrete noun, but the example sentence uses the word as a gerund (a noun formed from the present participle of a verb). As a verb, "vent" is more often used figuratively to mean "give expression or utterance to" (often in an angry tone). Although that is not intended in this usage, the entire article is criticizing the waste of natural gas.

ventus (wind) + ulum (suffix forming diminutives) + ation (suffix forming nouns of action)
The chosen definition fits the actual use of the word, but the example sentence's focus on the health of the other cats suggests that "ventilation" can also be "the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation."

ventus (wind) + ulum (suffix forming diminutives) + ate (suffix forming verbs) + or (suffix forming nouns)
Before the invention of breathing devices, a ventilator used to toss grain into the air in order to use the wind to blow away all the unwanted coverings and stems. This process is now called "winnowing" (from which "wind" is more directly descended).

hyper (prefix meaning "above, beyond") + ventus (wind) + ulum (suffix forming diminutives) + ate (suffix forming verbs)
Hyperventilation is often an unintentional result of nerves, but the example sentence describes swimmers intentionally hyperventilating in order to train their lungs. But the article warns that this practice can lead to a loss of consciousness that can result in drowning.

ad (prefix meaning "to") + venire (to come)
The Latin noun "ventus" is one of the forms of the verb "venire." This connection can be seen in the image of things coming and going with the wind. In this and the following words, the wind does not refer to the element but to any type of upcoming or ongoing movement.

ad (prefix meaning "to") + venire (to come) + ous (suffix forming adjectives)
The second "it" in the example sentence refers to the mountain formerly known as Mount McKinley, but now bearing a name truer to its Alaskan location. New measurements have slightly decreased its elevation, but standing at 20,310 feet at its highest point, Denali is still the tallest mountain in North America. Thus, despite the winds, the adventurous still come to climb it, but only half make it to the top.

venire (to come)
The word's connection to a verbal action comes with less risk than a physical action ("proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers"). When used as an adjective (in "venture capital" or "venture investments"), it suggests the risking of money, with the possibility of huge profits.

venire (to come) + some (suffix forming adjectives)
"Venturesome" and "adventurous" are synonyms, but as the example sentence might suggest, if a negative tone is needed to describe the risk-taker, "venturesome" is more likely to be used.

circum (prefix meaning "around") + venire (to come)
Another meaning of the verb is "beat through cleverness and wit." While circumventing taxes might require cleverness and wit, the article was criticizing the Wisconsin governor's decision to use public funds for a basketball stadium, especially since the same amount of money is being cut from the budget of the state university. Thus, there is a deliberate contrast between professional athletes and intellectual development.

pre (prefix meaning "before") + venire (to come) + ative (suffix meaning "of or related to, tending to")
A nearly identical synonym, which the Oxford English Dictionary prefers, is "preventive." In the example sentence, "preventative" and "therapeutic" are both used to describe products that treat disease, but the difference is that a therapeutic product would be used after symptoms have already appeared.

ex (prefix meaning "out") + venire (to come) + al (suffix forming adjectives)
As the example sentence shows, "eventual" can be synonymous with "ultimate." But "ultimate" has a more definitive tone (the Latin verb "ultimare" means "to be final, come to an end") and can also mean "furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme."

venire (to come)
The change in spelling is due to its passage through Old French. As the definition and example sentence show, a venue can be any place where any type of event is happening, but originally, it referred only to a coming or going for the purpose of attack. Now, in law, it means "the jurisdiction where a trial will be held."